Also known as: Varanus komodoensis · Komodo monitor · Ora
The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is the world's largest lizard species, endemic to the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Nusa Kode in Indonesia. Adults reach 3 meters in length and 90 kilograms in weight. The species is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List with population approximately 3,458 individuals (KLHK 2021 census). Best viewed June through September on guided ranger treks within Komodo National Park.
The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), known locally as ora, is the world's largest extant lizard species and the apex predator of its native ecosystem. Endemic to the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Nusa Kode, the species was first scientifically described in 1912 by Peter Ouwens (Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg). Adults typically reach 2-3 meters in length and 70-90 kilograms in weight, with maximum recorded specimens approaching 3.13 meters and 166 kg. The dragon's bite delivers venom from glands in the lower jaw, combined with serrated teeth that cause severe bleeding — prey often dies from blood loss and septic shock within days. Diet: deer (preferred), wild boar, water buffalo, smaller monitors, eggs, and occasionally cannibalism on smaller dragons. The IUCN Red List classifies the species as Endangered, with population approximately 3,458 individuals in the 2021 KLHK census. Threats: habitat loss, climate change, prey base decline. Conservation: Komodo National Park (UNESCO 1991) protects the primary habitat. Tourism: visitors to Komodo and Rinca islands must be accompanied by trained KSDA rangers carrying long forked sticks. Best viewing season: dry months (June-September) when dragons are most active. Last fatal incident in the park was 2017 (illegal solo entry).